Tox.  I,  No.  6 


March,  1904 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY 
BULLETIN 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE  NUMBER 


TABBE  OF  CONTENTS 

Indiana  University ■ 

Calendar 

Commercial  Course : Staff  of  Instructors 

Purpose  of  the  Course 

Scope  of  the  Curriculum 

Requirements  for  Admission 

Requirements  for  Graduation:  Sequence  of  Studies 

Description  of  Courses 

Fees  and  Expenses  ...  

A Consideration  of  Some  Objections.  


Page 

1 

2 

3 

5 

6 - 
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8 

13 
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Entered  July  23,  1903,  at  Bloomington,  Indiana,  as  second-class  matter,  under 
act  of  Congress  of  J uly  16, 1894. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


PRESIDENT'S  OFFICE. 

INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


VOL.  I BLOOMINGTON,  IND.,  MARCH,  1904  NO.  6 


The  Bulletin  is  published  bi-monthly  by  the  Indiana  University,  from  the 
University  office,  Bloomington,  Indiana. 

Entered  July  23,  1903,  at  Bloomington,  Indiana,  as  second-class  matter, 
under  act  of  Congress  of  July  16, 1894. 


Indiana  University 


The  Indiana  University  is  situated  at  Bloomington,  the  county 
seat  of  Monroe  county.  The  town  has  a population  of  about 
6,500;  it  is  on  the  Chicago,  Indianapolis,  and  Louisville  Railway 
(Monon  Route),  about  sixty  miles  southwest  of  Indianapolis,  and 
one  hundred  miles  northwest  of  Louisville.  The  University  takes 
its  origin  from  the  State  Seminary,  which  was  established  by 
act  of  the  Legislature,  approved  January  20,  1820.  In  1828  the 
title  of  the  Seminary  was  changed  by  the  Legislature  to  that 
of  the  Indiana  College,  and  in  1888  the  University  was  given  its 
present  name  and  style.  By  virtue  of  the  State  constitutions  of 
1816  and  1851,  and  the  acts  of  the  General  Assembly  thereunder, 
the  Indiana  University  is  the  State  University  of  Indiana,  and 
is  the  head  of  the  public  school  system  of  the  State. 

The  University  comprises  the  following  Departments  of  Lib- 
eral Arts: 

Department  of  Greek. 

Department  of  Latin. 

Department  of  Romance  Languages. 

Department  of  Germanic  Languages. 

Department  of  English. 

Department  of  History  and  Political  Science. 


2 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


\ 

Department  of  Economies  and  Social  Science. 

Department  of  Philosophy. 

Department  of  Pedagogy. 

Department  of  Mathematics. 

Department  of  Mechanics  and  Astronomy. 

Department  of  Physics. 

Department  of  Chemistry. 

Department  of  Geology  and  Geography. 

Department  of  Zoblogy. 

Department  of  Botany. 

Department  of  Medicine. 

The  School  of  Law. 

Courses  are  also  given  in  the  Fine  Arts,  Music,  and  Physical 
Training.  For  copies  of  the  University  Catalogue,  and  other 
publications  of  the  University,  address 

The  Registrar,  Indiana  University, 

Bloomington,  Indiana. 


Term  Calendar  for  1904-1905 


The  Fall  term  begins  Tuesday,  September  20,  1904. 
Thanksgiving  recess,  November  24  and  25. 

The  Fall  term  ends  Wednesday,  December  21. 

The  Winter  term  begins  Tuesday,  January  3,  1905. 

Foundation  day,  Friday,  January  20. 

The  Winter  term  ends  Friday,  March  24. 

The  Spring  term  begins  Tuesday,  April  4. 

Decoration  day,  a holiday,  Tuesday,  May  30. 

The  Spring  term  ends  Friday,  June  16. 

Commencement  day,  June  21. 

The  Summer  term  begins  Thursday,  June  22. 

Communications  in  regard  to  the  Commercial  Course  should 
be  addressed  to  John  W.  Cravens,  Registrar,  or  William  A. 
Rawles,  Bloomington,  Indiana. 


The  Commercial  Course 


STAFF  OF  INSTRUCTORS 

William  Lowe  Bryan,  President  of  the  University. 

A.B.,  Indiana  University;  A.M.,  Indiana  University;  Ph.D.,  Clark 
University. 

IN  ECONOMICS  AND  SOCIAL  SCIENCE 

Ulysses  Grant  Weatherly,  Professor  of  Economics  and  Social 
Science. 

A.B.,  Colgate  University  ; Ph.D.,  Cornell  University. 

William  A.  Rawles,  Junior  Professor  of  Political  Economy. 

A.B.,  Indiana  University  ; A.M.,  Indiana  University ; Ph.D.,  Columbia 
University. 

Ulysses  Howe  Smith,  Instructor  in  Accounting. 

A.B.,  Indiana  University. 

Oliver  Cary  Lockhart,  Assistant  in  Economics  and  Social  Science. 
A.B.,  Indiana  University. 


IN  HISTORY 

James  Albert  Woodburn,  Professor  of  American  History  and 
Politics. 

A.B.,  Indiana  University;  A.M.,  Indiana  University;  Ph.D.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University. 

Samuel  Bannister  Harding.  Junior  Professor  of  European  History. 

A.B.  Indiana  University  ; A.M.,  Harvard  University  ; Ph.D.,  Harvard 
University. 

Amos  Shartlk  Hershey,  Associate  Professor  of  European  History 
and  Politics. 

A B.,  Harvard  University  ; Ph.D.,  University  of  Heidelberg. 


-3- 


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INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


IN  LAW 

George  Louis  Reinhard,  Vice-President,  Dean  of  the  School  of 
Law,  and  Professor  of  Law. 

A.B.,  Indiana  University ; LL.D.,  Miami  University. 

Enoch  George  Hogate,  Professor  of  Law. 

A.B.,  Allegheny  College  ; A.M.,  Allegheny  College. 

Charles  McGuffey  Hepburn,  Professor  of  Law. 

A.B.,  Davidson  College  ; LL.B.,  University  of  Virginia. 

William  Ellsworth  Clapham,  Associate  Professor  of  Law. 

A.B.,  Indiana  University ; LL.B.,  Indiana  University. 

IN  ENGLISH* 

Martin  Wright  Sampson,  Professor  of  English. 

A.B.,  University  of  Cincinnati ; A.M.,  University  of  Cincinnati. 

IN  MATHEMATICS* 

Robert  Judson  Aley,  Professor  of  Mathematics. 

A.  B.f  Indiana  University ; Ph.D.,  Pennsylvania  University. 

IN  MECHANICS  AND  ASTRONOMY* 

John  Anthony  Miller,  Professor  of  Mechanics  and  Astronomy. 

A. B.,  Indiana  University;  A.M.,  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University; 
Ph.D.,  University  of  Chicago. 

IN  CHEMISTRY* 

Robert  Edward  Lyons,  Professor  of  Chemistry. 

A.B  , Indiana  University;  A.M.,  Indiana  University;  Ph.D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Heidelberg. 


IN  GEOLOGY* 

Edgar  Roscoe  Cumings,  Assistant  Professor  of  Geology. 
A.B.,  Union  College  ; Ph.D.,  Yale  University. 


The  name  of  the  head  of  the  department  is  given. 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


5 


PURPOSE  OF  THE  COMMERCIAL  COURSE 

The  call  for  higher  commercial  instruction  arises  from  a 
recognition  of  the  increasing  complexity  and  sensitiveness  of 
business.  The  modern  facilities  of  transportation  have  brought 
the  distant  parts  of  the  globe  into  such  close  contact  that  mar- 
kets have  become  world-wide.  A severe  drouth  in  one  wheat- 
producing  section  will  raise  the  price  of  wheat  in  Chicago  and 
will  ultimately  affect  the  price  of  a barrel  of  flour  in  nearly 
every  town  of  the  civilized  world.  An  improved  process  in 
the  manufacture  of  steel  may  reduce  the  cost  of  consumers’ 
goods  among  all  commercial  nations.  Slight  fluctuations  of  prices 
may  involve  success  or  failure  in  business.  The  merchant  or 
producer  who  has  wide  and  accurate  knowledge  of  economic  and 
political  conditions,  who  can  rationalize  his  knowledge,  who 
acts  promptly  and  unerringly  to  accomplish  definite  ends,  will 
be  successful.  In  domestic  commerce  there  is  found  this  same 
condition.  Banking,  transportation  and  the  brokerage  business 
are  becoming  more  and  more  highly  organized  and  demand  a 
higher  ability,  both  general  and  specialized. 

The  old  college  course  has  not  met  the  new  demands.  In 
view  of  this  fact  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  adapt  the  uni- 
versity curriculum  so  as  to  satisfy  more  fully  the  needs  of  the 
community  for  which  it  exists.  Given  a young  man  with  good 
mental  powers  and  the  “business  sense,”  it  is  believed  that  a 
college  training  of  the  kind  here  proposed  will  strengthen  those 
powers  and  cultivate  that  sense  in  ways  that  will  make  him 
a more  effective  worker.  But  it  is  not  expected  to  dispense 
entirely  with  the  period  of  apprenticeship.  It  is  the  conviction, 
however,  that  in  this  way  that  period  can  be  shortened  so  that 
at  the  end  of  seven  years  the  young  man  who  has  spent  four 
of  them  in  college  will  be  farther  advanced  in  his  line  of  work 
and  have  a more  comprehensive  outlook  over  the  whole  field 
of  activity  than  he  otherwise  would. 


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INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


THE  SCOPE  OF  THE  CURRICULUM 

The  higher  commercial  curriculum  should  be  formed  to  ac- 
complish two  main  purposes— the  development  of  power  and  the 
production  of  culture.  To  leave  out  culture  would  deprive  the 
course  of  all  claim  to  college  rank,  because  the  college,  as  in 
the  past,  must  continue  to  stand  for  this  element  in  life.  Be- 
sides, culture  is  essential  to  the  business  man  in  his  capacity 
as  a citizen.  The  development  of  power  in  the  direction  of 
business  affairs  involves  two  things,  the  disciplining  of  the  fac- 
ulties in  general,  especially  the  powers  of  observation  and  re- 
flection, and  the  training  for  a particular  calling  in  life.  By 
keeping  in  mind  the  two  chief  aims  of  such  a college  training 
we  are  guided  in  the  selection  of  subjects  and  in  fixing  their 
places  in  the  curriculum. 

Certain  subjects  have  received  a recognized  place  in  the  col- 
leges because  of  their  general  cultural  and  disciplinary  influ- 
ences. Therefore,  the  curriculum  begins  with  those  branches 
which  are  usually  taught  in  colleges  for  these  purposes:  Eng- 
lish, mathematics,  modern  languages,  history  and  science— espe- 
cially physics  and  chemistry.  The  science  is  essential  because 
the  student  should  learn  something  of  the  scientific  methods  of 
investigation,  and  should  feel  the  impulse  of  the  scientific  spirit. 

The  term  semi-professional  may  be  applied  to  another  group 
of  subjects  which,  while  being  in  themselves  means  of  culture 
and  discipline,  are  intended  especially  and  directly  to  fit  the 
student  for  his  work  in  life.  Commerce  and  industry  can  exist 
only  in  a society— an  organized  group  of  persons.  It  is  of  the 
greatest  moment,  therefore,  that  the  nature  of  the  social  organi- 
zation should  be  understood.  Hence  the  semi-professional  sub- 
jects center  around  those  sciences  dealing  with  social  phenomena; 
sociology,  discussing  the  origin,  growth  and  structure  of  society; 
politics,  treating  of  the  organization  for  governmental  purposes; 
and  especially  political  economy,  presenting  in  an  orderly  ar- 
rangement the  knowledge  respecting  man’s  action  in  his  efforts 
to  satisfy  his  material  wants.  Besides  a study  of  the  theory 
of  economics,  special  attention  is  given  to  what  may  be  called 
applied  political  economy— as  money,  banking,  the  business  of 
exchanges,  transportation,  insurance  and  public  finance.  Closely 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


7 


related  to  these  are  certain  courses  in  history,  with  the  emphasis 
put  upon  the  economic  and  financial  aspects.  They  are  necessary 
to  give  an  explanation  of  the  way  the  modern  economic  organi- 
zation has  been  developed  and  to  reveal  the  forces  that  have 
been  determining  factors  in  national  prosperity  or  adversity. 
Most  of  the  subjects  of  this  group  have  for  a long  time  been 
incorporated  into  the  curricula  of  the  leading  institutions  in 
America. 

Others  are  now  added  which  deal  with  the  technique  of  busi- 
ness and  industry.  They  may  be  called  the  technical  or  pro- 
fessional courses.  In  spite  of  the  great  variety  in  business  call- 
ings there  is  a large  body  of  information,  experience  and  pro- 
cedure which  is  common  to  them  all.  After  pursuing  the  courses 
of  a general  technical  nature  the  student  has  in  the  junior  and 
senior  years  the  opportunity  to  choose  from  elective  courses 
those  bearing  immediately  upon  his  future  work.  These  tech- 
nical subjects  include:  1.  A course  in  business  organization 
and  management  to  acquaint  the  student  with  the  various  meth- 
ods of  conducting  business  enterprises  and  with  the  advantages 
and  limitations  of  each.  2.  Commercial  geography,  describing 
the  sources  and  distribution  of  the  materials  of  commerce  and 
manufactures,  trade  routes,  markets,  colonization  in  its  eco- 
nomic aspects,  etc.  3.  Accounting  and  auditing,  theoretical  and 
practical,  with  a study  of  business  forms.  4.  Commercial  law, 
imparting  a general  legal  knowledge  which  every  business  man 
should  possess. 

Special  elective  courses  for  the  technological  study  of  the  chief 
articles  of  commerce  in  their  various  stages  of  production,  a 
course  in  advertising  and  a course  dealing  with  diplomatic  his- 
tory, the  growth  of  the  consular  service  and  the  duties  of  con- 
sular officers  will  be  provided  later. 

The  main  purpose  of  the  course  is  not  the  acquisition  of  a 
mass  of  unrelated  facts  in  regard  to  business  procedure,  but 
the  attainment  of  such  a mastery  of  fundamental  principles  that 
the  graduate  after  some  practical  experience  may  know  how  to 
meet  new  contingencies  and  may  take  the  initiative  in  devising 
and  applying  new  methods.  This  implies  that  discipline  is  the 
paramount  thing.  But  the  discipline  will  have  been  acquired  in 
the  study  of  those  things  bearing  immediately  upon  his  future 
work  and  this  is  where  the  saving  of  time  will  be  made. 


8 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


REQUIREMENTS  FOR  ADMISSION 

The  requirements  for  admission  to  the  Commercial  Course 
are  the  same  as  those  prescribed  for  other  courses  leading  to 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  Entrance  to  the  University 
may  be  obtained  either  by  certificate  from  a commissioned  high 
school  or  by  examination.  In  some  cases  students  who  have  not 
had  all  the  preparatory  work  may  be  admitted  to  the  University 
conditioned  in  those  subjects  in  which  they  are  deficient,  and 
may  remove  these  conditions  by  work  done  in  the  University. 
For  detailed  information  respecting  the  requirements  for  admis- 
sion reference  should  be  made  to  the  catalogue  of  the  University. 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  GRADUATION:  SEQUENCE 
OF  STUDIES 

For  graduation  from  the  University,  students  are  required  to 
complete  a four  years’  course  of  study.  The  unit  of  measure- 
ment of  this  course  is  called  an  “hour;”  the  word  “hour”  being 
used  coventionally  to  signify  one  recitation  a week  throughout 
a University  term,  or  its  equivalent.  A recitation  or  lecture  is 
regularly  fifty  minutes  in  length,  and  the  outside  work  of  the 
student  is  estimated  at  an  average  of  two  hours  for  each  class 
exercise.  The  regular  work  of  a term  is  fifteen  “hours.”  The 
work  of  twelve  terms,  that  is  180  “hours,”  constitutes  the  min- 
imum amount  of  work  required  for  graduation.  The  distribu- 
tion of  this  work  is  as  follows: 

1.  Prescribed  Subjects.  This  work,  which  is  common  to  all 
courses,  must  be  done  by  all  students  who  are  candidates  for 
graduation,  unless  permission  to  substitute  some  other  work  is 
obtained  from  the  Faculty  Committee  on  Prescribed  Studies. 
The  prescribed  work  is  as  follows: 

English.  One  year,  daily:  Courses  2 and  7. 

Mathematics.  One  year,  daily:  Courses  3,  2,  and  6. 

Science.  One  year,  daily,  in  some  one  science,  of  which  at 
least  two  terms  shall  be  spent  in  laboratory  work.  The  courses 
eligible  in  each  science  are  as  follows:  Chemistry,  Course  1 
and  two  terms  of  Course  3;  Physics,  Course  1 and  two  terms 
of  Course  2;  Botany,  Course  1;  Zoology,  Courses  1,  7,  and  8; 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


9 


Geology,  Courses  1,  6,  and  7,  or  1,  4,  and  5 a ; Astronomy,  Courses 
1,  2,  and  4,  or  Courses  1 and  2 and  Physics  165;  Philosophy, 
Courses  4 a and  45. 

Language.  Two  years,  daily.  The  student  may  select  one 
year  each  in  two  languages,  or  two  years  in  one  language.  The 
courses  eligible  in  each  language  are  as  follows:  Greek,  Course 
1 (first  year)  and  Courses  3,  4,  5,  and  6 (second  year);  Latin, 
Courses  la,  15,  and  2 (first  year)  and  Courses  3a,  35,  and  4 (second 
year);  French,  Course  1 (first  year)  and  Courses  4 and  19  (second 
year);  Spanish,  Course  15  (equivalent  of  one  year);  Italian, 
Courses  14  and  22  (equivalent  of  one  year);  German,  Course  1 
(first  year)  and  Courses  2 and  3 or  4 (second  year);  English, 
Courses  5 and  8,  or  5 and  19  (equivalent  of  one  year). 

2.  Major  Subject.  Every  candidate  for  graduation  is  required 
to  select  the  work  of  some  one  Department  as  his  major  subject, 
signifying  such  choice  to  the  Office  and  to  the  Department  con- 
cerned, on  the  cards  provided  for  that  purpose.  Students  desiring 
to  graduate  in  the  Commercial  Course  should  select  as  their 
major  subject  Economics  and  Social  Science. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  required  curriculum  a special  cer- 
tificate is  granted,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  diploma  conferring 
a degree  in  the  Department  of  Economics  and  Social  Science. 

The  curriculum  includes  seventy-five  hours  of  work  which 
is  prescribed  for  all  candidates  for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts;  fifty-seven  hours  of  required  work  in  the  Department  of 
Economics  and  Social  Science;  thirty-six  hours  of  optional  studies 
selected  from  groups  of  designated  electives;  and  twelve  hours 
of  free  electives.  It  is  important  that  the  subjects  should  be 
taken  in  the  order  indicated  below,  and  only  in  exceptional  cases 
will  deviations  from  that  order  be  permitted.  For  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  courses  the  student  is  referred  to  the  announcements 
of  the  respective  Departments. 


English  Composition  (English  7) 

Trigonometry  (Mathematics  3) 

American  Political  History  (History  18) 


2 

5 

3 


10 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


HOURS 


Winter  term: 

Required:  German  (German  1)  or  French  (Romance  1). .. . 5 

English  Composition  (English  7) 2 

Algebra  (Mathematics  2) 5 

American  Political  History  (History  18) 3 

Spring  term: 

Required:  German  (German  1)  or  French  (Romance  1). . . . 5 

English  Composition  (English  7) 2 

Analytical  Geometry  (Mathematics  6) 5 

American  Political  History  (History  18) 3 


Second  Year,  Fall  and  Winter  terms: 

Required  (thirteen  hours  each  term): 

German  (German  2 and  4)  or  French  (Romance  4 


and  19)  5 

Science*  . 5 

Political  Economy  ( Economics  1 ) 3 

Optional!  (two  hours  each  term) : 

Anthropology  (Economics  20) 2 

Argumentation  and  Oratorical  Composition  (Eng- 
lish 21) 2 

Public  Speaking  (English  27) 2 

Spring  term: 

Required  (thirteen  hours): 

Language  and  Science  as  in  the  Fall  term 10 

Principles  of  Commerce!  (Economics  12) 3 

Commercial  Geography!  (Economics  13)  3 

Optional:!  As  in  the  fall  term. 


Third  Year,  Fall  term: 

Required  (ten  hours): 

English  Literature  (English  2) 3 

Economic  History  of  England  (Economics  2) 2 

Commercial  Law  (Economics  26) 3 


Accounting  and  Business  Practice  (Economics  25) . . 2 

♦The  student  may  select  one  science  from  those  given  on  page  8 of  this 
bulletin. 

tOther  electives  satisfactory  to  the  department  may  be  substituted. 

JGiven  in  alternate  years. 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE  11 

HOURS 

Optional*  (five  hours): 

' German,  French,  or  Spanish 5 

History  of  Greece  (History  1) 5 

History  of  Modern  Europe  (History  10) 3 

American  Politics  (History  21) 2 

Quantitative  Analysis  (Chemistry  4) 5 

Logic  (Philosophy  2) 2 

Winter  term: 

Required  (ten  hours): 

English  Literature  (English  2) 3 

Economic  History  of  the  United  States  (Economics 

15)  2 

Business  Organization  (Economics  27) 3 

Accounting  and  Business  Practice  (Economics  25) . . 2 

Optional*  (five  hours): 

German,  French,  or  Spanish 5 

History  of  Rome  (History  2) 5 

History  of  Modern  Europe  (History  10) 3 

American  Politics  (History  21) 2 

Quantitative  Analysis  (Chemistry  4) 5 

Theory  of  Statistics  (Astronomy  11a) 3 

Spring  term: 

Required  (ten  hours): 

English  Literature  (English  2) 3 

Economic  History  of  the  United  States  (Economics 

15)  2 

Transportation  (Economics  9) 3 

Accounting  and  Business  Practice  (Economics  25) . . 2 

Optional*  (five  hours): 

German,  French,  or  Spanish 5 

Medieval  History  (History  3) 5 

History  of  Modern  Europe  (History  10) 3 

American  Politics  (History  21) 2 

Quantitative  Analysis  (Chemistry  4) 5 


* Other  electives  satisfactory  to  the  department  may  be  substituted. 


12 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


Fourth  Year,  Fall  term: 


HOURS 


Required  (seven  hours): 

Seminary  (Economics  8) 2 

Money,  Banking  and  the  Money  Market  (Econom- 
ics 6)  2 

Public  Finance  (Economics  3) 3 

Optional*  (five  hours): 

Social  Pathology  (Economics  4) 3 

Growth  of  Economic  Thoughtf  (Economics  5) 

Socialism  and  Communismf  (Economics  10).. 
Economic  Geology  (Geology  3) 


Industrial  Chemistry— Quantitative  Analysis  (Chem- 
istry 15)  

International  Law  (History  25) 

Law  of  Carriers  (Law  45) 

Law  of  Bills  and  Notes  (Law  21) 

Law  of  Insurance  (Law  17) 

Free  electives  (three  hours) 


Winter  term: 

Required  (seven  hours): 

Seminary  (Economics  8) 

Money,  Banking  and  the  Money  Market  (Econom- 
ics 6)  

Financial  History  of  the  United  States  (Economics 

17)  

Optional*  (five  hours) : 

Social  Pathology  (Economics  4) 

Theory  of  Distribution  (Economics  16) 

Economic  Geology  (Geology  3) 5 

Industrial  Chemistry  (Chemistry  15) 5 

International  Law  (History  25) 2 

Law  of  Carriers  (Law  45) 2 

Law  of  Bills  and  Notes  (Law  21) 2 

Law  of  Insurance  (Law  17) 2 

Free  electives  (three  hours) 3 


* Any  optional  subject  included  in  the  third  year  may  be  substituted. 
fGiven  in  alternate  years. 


toco  CO  to  to  co  to  to  to  to  cn  oi  to  co 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


13 


HOURS 

Spring  term: 

Required  (four  hours): 

Seminary  (Economics  8) 2 

Money,  Banking  and  the  Money  Market  (Econom- 
ics 6)  . 2 

Optional*  (five  hours): 

Insurance  (Economics  28) 3 

Social  Pathology  (Economics  4) 3 

General  Sociology  (Economics  7) 2 

Municipal  Problemst  (Economics  11) 2 

Industrial  Chemistry  (Chemistry  15) 5 

Law  of  Carriers  (Law  45) 2 

Law  of  Bills  and  Notes  (Law  21) 2 

Law  of  Insurance  (Law  17) 2 

Free  electives  (six  hours) 6 


DESCRIPTION  OF  COURSES  IN  ECONOMICS  AND 
SOCIAL  SCIENCE 

1.  Political  Economy.  An  introduction  to  the  leading  princi- 
ples of  economic  science.  Designed  for  students  of  other 
departments  and  as  a basis  for  more  advanced  studies 
in  economics.  Text-book,  with  occasional  lectures.  Pro- 
fessor Weatherly. 

Fall  and  Winter  terms,  M.  W.  F.,  at  9:00. 

Open  to  all  students.  This  course  should  be  taken  in  the 
second  year,  after  a year’s  work  in  History. 

la.  Political  Economy.  A repetition  of  Course  1.  Professor 
Weatherly  and  Mr.  Lockhart. 

Spring  term,  daily,  at  11:00. 

Open  to  all  students. 

12.  The  Principles  of  Commerce.  The  mechanism  and  mate- 
rials of  commerce;  problems  of  international  trade; 
methods  of  promoting  and  regulating  commerce.  Text- 
book and  lectures.  Professor  Weatherly. 

Spring  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  9:00. 


'•'•'Any  optional  subject  included  in  the  third  year,  may  be  substituted. 
fNot  given  in  1904-05. 


14  INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 

[13.  Commercial  Geography.  A brief  history  of  commerce  and 
of  trade  routes.  Modern  methods  of  transportation;  a 
study  of  the  newer  regions  of  production  and  consump- 
tion; the  economic  aspects  of  colonization;  commerce 
and  politics.  Text-book,  lectures,  and  research.  Pro- 
fessor Weatherly. 

Spring  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  9:00.] 

Omitted  in  1904-1905. 

Courses  12  and  13  are  given  in  alternate  years,  and  are 
open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Course  1 or  its 
equivalent. 

2.  Economic  History  of  England.  A study  of  the  history  of 
industrial  arrangements  in  England,  with  reference  to 
the  interpretation  of  present  economic  facts.  The  manor 
system;  the  merchant  and  craft  guilds;  the  growth  of 
a national  economy;  the  rise  of  the  factory  system; 
the  industrial  revolution.  Junior  Professor  Rawles. 

Fall  term,  T.  Th.,  at  8:00. 

Open  to  students  who  have  a fair  knowledge  of  English 
political  history. 

15.  Economic  History  of  the  United  States.  Economic  influ- 
ences in  discovery  and  colonization;  the  colonial  policy 
of  England  and  its  effects;  the  early  commerce;  the 
War  of  1812;  the  tariff;  the  westward  movement;  the 
economic  aspects  of  the  Civil  War;  subsequent  develop- 
ment of  transportation  facilities,  manufactures,  and  agri- 
culture. Professor  Rawles. 

Winter  and  Spring  terms,  T.  Th.,  at  8:00. 

9.  Transportation.  A historical  survey  of  the  means  and 
methods  of  transportation,  followed  by  a study  of  the 
economic  and  social  bearings  of  the  present  transporta- 
tion question.  Professor  Rawles. 

Spring  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  8:00. 

[11.  Municipal  Problems.  Functions  of  city  government;  organ- 
ization and  methods  of  administration;  revenue  and  ex- 
penditure; natural  monopolies;  typical  city  government 
in  Europe  and  America.  Professor  Rawles. 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


15 


Spring  term,  T.  Tk.,  at  9:00.] 

Omitted  in  1904-1905. 

6.  Money,  Banking,  and  the  Money  Market.  (1)  Fall  term: 
Money.  A study  of  general  monetary  principles  and 
suck  special  subjects  as  bimetallism,  the  standard  of 
deferred  payments,  and  the  present  monetary  situation 
in  the  United  States.  (2)  Winter  term:  Banking.  His- 
tory and  theory  of  banking  and  credit  operations,  fol- 
lowed by  a study  of  the  banking  systems  of  the  leading 
foreign  states,  and  of  the  recent  proposals  of  banking 
reforms  in  the  United  States.  (3)  Spring  term:  The 
Money  Market.  A study  of  the  rates  of  discount  and 
exchange  (domestic  and  foreign),  the  functions  of  bill 
brokers,  international  payments,  financial  panics  and 
crises,  financial  aspects  of  stock  and  produce  exchanges 
and  London  and  New  York  as  centers  of  financial  oper- 
ations. Lectures,  text-books,  and  special  reports.  Pro- 
fessor Rawles. 

Fall,  Winter,  and  Spring  terms,  T.  Th.,  at  9:00. 

Open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Course  1. 

3.  Public  Finance.  A study  of  the  revenues  and  expenditures 
of  the  various  political  units,  local,  state,  and  national, 
and  the  leading  features  of  financial  administration, 
taxation,  and  public  debts.  Lectures,  text-book,  and 
special  reports  based  on  monographs  and  official  docu- 
ments. A detailed  study  will  be  made  of  the  tax  system 
of  Indiana.  Professor  Rawles. 

Winter  Term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  9:00. 

Open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Course  1. 

17.  Financial  History  of  the  United  States.  A review  of  the 
financial  history  of  the  United  States,  with  especial  at- 
tention to  the  currency,  taxation,  and  banking  institu- 
tions. Lectures,  text-book,  and  collateral  readings.  Pro- 
fessor Rawles. 

Winter  Term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  9:00. 

Open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Courses  1 and  3. 


16 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


25.  Accounting  and  Business  Practice.  This  course  is  intended 

to  give  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  theory  of  accounting 
and  auditing  and  the  methods  actually  employed  by  cor- 
porations. Single  and  double  entry  bookkeeping  will 
be  studied  and  exercises  will  be  required  as  a prelim- 
inary to  the  more  advanced  work.  As  far  as  possible 
the  annual  reports  of  corporations  will  be  used  to  illus- 
trate the  principles  of  the  science.  A study  will  also 
be  made  of  the  most  important  business  forms  and 
commercial  correspondence.  The  preparation  of  forms, 
statements  and  letters  will  be  a part  of  the  student’s 
work.  The  chief  aim  of  the  course  is  to  give  such  a 
training  that  the  student  may  be  able  to  devise  systems 
of  accounting  adapted  to  his  needs.  Lectures,  text-books, 
and  exercises.  Mr.  Smith. 

Fall,  Winter,  and  Spring  terms,  T.  Th.,  at  11:00. 

Two  hours  supplementary  practice  work  may  be  taken  in 
the  afternoon,  for  which  an  additional  credit  of  one 
hour  will  be  granted.  Open  to  students  who  have  passed 
in  Course  1 and  to  others  at  the  option  of  the  instructor. 

26.  Commercial  Law.  A brief  study  of  the  laws  relating  to 

contracts,  sales,  negotiable  instruments,  common  car- 
riers, agency  and  business  associations.  Text-book. 
Professor  Rawles. 

Fall  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  8:00. 

Not  open  to  students  who  have  taken  or  who  are  pursuing 
Law  1 or  3. 

27.  Business  Organization  and  Management.  A comparison  of 

the  methods  of  aggregating  capital  for  large  business 
enterprises;  the  mechanism  of  a corporation;  the  pro- 
cedure of  incorporating  and  financing  modern  business 
corporations;  the  management  of  corporations  and  their 
accounts;  receiverships  and  reorganizations;  dealing  in 
stocks  and  bonds;  and  railroad  accounts.  Lectures,  text- 
book, and  assigned  readings.  Professor  Rawles. 

Winter  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  8:00. 

Open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Courses  1,  26  (or  Law 
1 or  4)  and  the  first  term’s  work  in  Course  25. 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


17 


28.  Insurance.  The  history,  development,  and  economic  and  so- 
cial aspects  of  insurance.  The  forms  of  insurance,  with 
special  attention  to  fire  and  life  insurance,  the  making 
of  rates,  the  terms  of  policies,  the  methods  of  making 
investments,  the  relation  to  other  financial  institutions, 
the  organization  and  management  of  companies,  public 
control,  and  insurance  by  the  State  will  be  studied. 
Lectures  and  special  reports.  Professor  Rawles. 

Spring  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  9:00. 

Open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Courses  1,  25,  26,  27, 
and  Course  11a  in  the  Department  of  Mechanics  and 
Astronomy. 

[5.  Growth  of  Economic  Thought.  A study  of  the  works  of 
leading  writers  on  economics  from  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century  to  about  1850.  This  course  is  in- 
tended not  only  for  students  taking  Economics  as  their 
major  subject,  but  for  other  students  interested  in  eco- 
nomics as  well.  Professor  Weatherly. 

Fall  term,  T.  Th.,  at  11:00.] 

Omitted  in  1904-1905. 

10.  Socialism  and  Communism.  A study  of  ideal  common- 
wealths, and  of  the  theories  of  the  chief  socialistic  writ- 
ers since  the  French  Revolution.  Particular  attention 
is  given  to  the  present  position  of  the  various  socialistic 
groups  in  Germany,  England  and  America.  Lectures 
and  reading.  Professor  Weatherly. 

Fall  term,  T.  Th.,  at  11:00. 

16.  Theory  of  Distribution.  Intended  for  advanced  students 
who  have  done  considerable  work  in  economic  theory. 
Attention  is  centered  on  the  views  of  the  more  recent 
writers,  like  Bohm-Bawerk,  Smart,  and  Clark.  It  is 
the  purpose  of  the  course  to  show  the  bearing  of  these 
newer  theories  on  practical  economic  problems.  Pro- 
fessor Weatherly. 

Winter  term,  T.  Th.,  at  11:00. 

7.  General  Sociology.  An  examination  of  the  work  of  leading 
sociologists,  with  a comparison  of  views  and  a critical 


(2) 


18 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


discussion  of  theories  and  conclusions.  Open  only  to 
third  and  fourth  year  students.  Professor  Weatherly. 

Spring  term,  T.  Th.,  at  11:00. 

20.  Anthropology.  (1)  Fall  term:  Physical  anthropology,  with 
practice  in  anthropometric  work;  classification  and  de- 
scription of  races.  (2)  Winter  term:  Origins  of  mate- 
rial civilization,  with  special  reference  to  the  American 
races.  An  opportunity  is  offered  for  a special  study 
of  Indiana  antiquities.  (3)  Spring  term:  Origins  of 
primitive  social  and  cultural  institutions.  Lectures  and 
text-books.  Professor  Weatherly. 

Fall,  Winter,  and  Spring  terms,  T.  Th.,  at  9:00. 

4.  Social  Pathology.  (1)  Fall  term:  Pauperism  and  charities, 
with  a general  introduction  to  the  theory  of  degenera- 
tion. (2)  Winter  term:  Crime  and  penology.  (3)  Spring 
term:  Social  questions.  In  1903-1904  the  special  subject 
investigated  in  the  Spring  term  was  race  problems  in 
the  United  States.  Inasmuch  as  the  subject  varies  in 
successive  years,  this  division  of  the  course  may  be 
taken  more  than  once.  Lectures,  reading,  and  special 
reports.  Professor  Weatherly. 

Fall,  Winter,  and  Spring  terms,  M.  W.  F.,  at  10:00. 

Open  to  third  and  fourth  year  students  whose  major  subject 
is  History,  Philosophy,  or  Economics,  and  to  others  at 
the  option  of  the  instructor. 

8.  Seminary  in  Economics  and  Sociology.  Designed  for  ad- 
vanced students  who  have  shown  ability  to  successfully 
undertake  individual  research.  The  subjects  for  inves- 
tigation may  be  taken  from  the  field  of  either  economics 
or  sociology,  but  it  is  intended  that  they  shall  have 
some  degree  of  unity.  Considerable  attention  is  given 
to  training  in  statistical  methods.  Professor  Weath- 
erly and  Professor  Rawles. 

Fall,  Winter,  and  Spring  terms,  two  hours  a week,  at  an 
hour  to  be  appointed. 

Astronomy  11a.  Theory  of  Statistics.  A discussion  of  the  gen- 
eral method  of  statistical  investigation;  the  theory  of 
error;  application  of  the  theory  of  probability  to  the 
construction  and  adjustment  of  curves  to  represent  sta- 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


19 


tistical  data;  an  introduction  to  the  theory  ot  insurance. 
The  course  is  intended  for  students  of  commerce,  biol- 
ogy, and  sociology,  and  for  others  whose  investigation 
leads  to  quantitative  results.  Professor  Miller. 

Winter  term,  M.  W.  F.,  at  an  hour  to  be  appointed. 

Open  to  students  who  have  passed  in  Mathematics  2,  3 
and  6. 

FEES  AND  EXPENSES 

Tuition  in  the  University  is  free,  both  in  the  regular  and 
Summer  sessions. 

The  fee  for  the  use  of  the  library  is  one  dollar  per  term. 

The  laboratory  fees  are  two  dollars  a term  in  all  laboratories, 
except  those  of  the  Department  of  Chemistry.  In  Chemistry 
3,  7,  9,  29,  31,  and  33,  the  fee  is  four  dollars;  in  17  and  26, 
five  dollars;  in  28,  three  dollars;  in  4,  5,  10,  11,  12,  15,  20.  27, 
and  35,  two  dollars;  in  2 and  32,  fifty  cents. 

The  fee  for  the  use  of  the  gymnasium,  when  the  work  in 
physical  training  is  taken,  is  one  dollar  a term. 

All  students  who  have  not  credit  in  full  upon  the  records 
of  the  University  for  all  entrance  work  will  be  charged  a fee 
of  five  dollars  a term.  This  rule  applies  to  both  conditioned 
and  special  students  with  deficiencies  in  their  entrance  credit. 
In  case,  however,  a student  enters  the  University  with  an  en- 
trance condition  of  less  than  five  hours,  and  the*  condition  is 
removed  in  the  first  term  of  residence,  the  fee  will  be  refunded. 

The  fee  for  any  degree  is  five  dollars,  and  must  be  paid  to 
the  Treasurer  of  the  University  at  least  thirty  days  before  grad- 
uation, and  a receipt  for  it  filed  with  the  Registrar. 

Expenses.  The  expenses  of  the  student  will  vary,  of  course, 
according  to  his  way  of  living.  Most  of  the  students  lodge  in 
private  houses  and  board  in  clubs.  From  inquiry  the  following 
facts  have  been  ascertained,  which  will  indicate  to  an  entering 
student  the  amount  he  may  expect  to  spend  during  the  college 
year. 

Rooms  occupied  by  one  person  vary  as  to  rent  from  fifty 
cents  (there  are  very  few  rooms  at  this  price)  to  three  dollars 
per  week;  a room  occupied  by  two  will  generally  cost  somewhat 
more  than  for  one.  Two  students  rooming  together  pay  as  a 


20 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


rule  from  seventy-five  cents  to  a dollar  and  a half  each.  At 
the  latter  rate,  fuel  and  light  should  usually  be  included.  Rooms 
are  generally  engaged  by  the  term  and  are  paid  for  weekly. 
The  cost  of  a room  for  a year  will  vary,  then,  from  twenty  to 
one  hundred  dollars. 

Fuel  and  light  are  charged  for  extra,  except  by  special  agree- 
ment. From  fifteen  to  twenty  dollars  will  generally  cover  thia 
expense.  Washing  may  be  estimated  at  from  ten  to  twenty-five 
dollars. 

Board  may  be  had  in  clubs  at  two  dollars  and  a half  or  three 
dollars  per  week  (payable  weekly).  Board  in  hotels  costs  from 
three  dollars  to  four  dollars.  The  amount  to  be  set  aside  for 
board  for  the  year  varies  from  eighty  to  one  hundred  and  twenty 
dollars.  Some  students  prepare  their  own  meals,  and  reduce  the 
expense  of  food  nearly  one-half,  but  this  is  a course  hardly  to 
be  advised. 

Text-books  and  stationery  for  a student  in  the  Department 
of  Liberal  Arts  cost  about  twenty  dollars  a year;  for  a student 
in  the  School  of  Law  from  thirty  to  thirty-five  dollars.  For  the 
various  entertainments,  lectures,  concerts,  and  athletic  games, 
for  subscriptions  to  religious,  literary,  athletic,  and  social  organi- 
zations, the  average  student  expends  from  twelve  to  fifty  dollars. 

The  cost  of  a year  at  college  is  thus  shown  to  vary  greatly 
with  the  student’s  manner  of  living.  It  may  be  said  that  with 
the  present  student  body  close  economy  is  the  rule,  not  the 
exception.  Probably  most  of  the  students  spend  (exclusive  of 
railroad  fare  and  clothing)  two  hundred  to  three  hundred  dollars 
per  year.  Comparatively  few  students  spend  as  much  as  four 
hundred  dollars.  On  the  other  hand,  if  a student  prepares  his 
own  meals,  lives  in  a barely  furnished  room,  joins  no  associa- 
tions, attends  no  entertainments,  makes  no  subscriptions,  he 
may  live  on  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  dollars  a year.  It 
should  be  said  frankly,  however,  that  this  mode  of  living  is 
practicable  only  for  those  in  robust  health,  and  that  it  sacri- 
fices many  of  the  real  advantages  of  college  life.  It  is  to  be 
advised  only  when  a college  career  is  impossible  without  such 
self-denial.  Students  who  will  not  stint  themselves  first  of  all 
as  regards  food,  then  as  regards  comfortable  rooms,  congenial 
associations,  and  good  entertainments,  may  expect  to  spend  from 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  to  three  hundred  dollars  per  year. 


A CONSIDERATION  OF  SOME  OBJECTIONS 


The  chief  objections  to  the  introduction  of  a commercial  course 
into  the  college  curriculum  may  be  grouped  somewhat  roughly 
into  two  classes:  (1)  objections  made  by  practical  business  men; 
(2)  protests  from  those  who  fear  the  extinction  of  college  ideal- 
ism. 

In  the  first  class  are  found  the  deprecatory  statements  of  cer- 
tain business  men— some  of  very  high  standing— who  hold  that 
a college  education  can  do  little  or  nothing  in  the  way  of  pre- 
paring a young  man  for  a business  career,  if  it  does  not  wholly 
unfit  him  for  such  a life.  In  reply  it  may  be  said  in  the  first  place 
that  such  objections  are  aimed  chiefly  at  the  college  of  the  old 
type,  having  the  rigid  classical  course.  The  charge  that  a college 
training  puts  a young  man  out  of  touch  with  business  life  can 
Hot  reasonably  be  made  against  the  college  course  whose  essen- 
tial purpose  is  to  correlate  more  closely  the  preliminary  training 
and  the  subsequent  business  career. 

One  objection  from  men  of  practical  affairs  arises  from  a mis- 
apprehension of  the  purposes  of  such  courses.  As  said  before, 
it  is  not  the  expectation  of  the  advocates  of  the  new  course  to 
graduate  men  who  can  at  once  assume  all  the  responsibilities  of 
business  managers.  One  hardly  expects  the  graduates  of  our 
long-established  law,  medical  and  technological  schools  to  put  on 
at  once  the  robes  of  a justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  or  to  render  the  services  of  a Dr.  Virchow  or  a Dr.  Lorenz, 
or  to  construct  a tunnel  under  the  Hudson  river.  Why  require 
more  from  the  higher  commercial  schools  than  from  the  best  pro- 
fessional schools? 

Sometimes  it  is  said  that  a man  is  a “born”  business  man,  a 
“born”  teacher,  a “born”  lawyer  or  a “born”  surgeon.  But  be- 
cause one  is  born  with  certain  endowments,  is  that  a good  reason 
for  ignoring  or  rejecting  all  the  accumulated  knowledge  and  ex- 
periences of  the  human  family  in  these  matters?  Is  it  not  true 
that  the  world  puts  the  stamp  of  “born”  upon  the  teacher,  the 
lawyer,  surgeon  or  artist  only  after  he  has  demonstrated  his  su- 
perior skill— a skill  which  is  the  result  of  long  and  arduous 


-21- 


22 


INDIANA  UNIVERSITY  BULLETIN 


study  and  diligent  application  of  the  fundamental  principles  of 
his  subject? 

President  Eliot  has  said,  in  this  connection:  “I  believe  com- 
merce and  industry  in  their  higher  ranges  to  be  eminently  intel- 
lectual pursuits,  and  I know  no  other  intellectual  calling  for 
which  a professional  school  is  not  now  provided.  It  used  to  be 
the  fashion  to  study  medicine  by  cleaning  the  doctor’s  horse  and 
buggy,  grinding  his  drugs  and  driving  around  with  him  to  make 
his  calls,  and  to  study  law  by  copying  deeds  and  briefs  in  a law- 
yer’s office,  and  reading  books  taken  from  the  lawyer’s  little  li- 
brary in  the  intervals  of  clerical  labor;  but  the  world  has  now 
learned  that  there  is  a better  way  of  studying  medicine  and  law; 
namely,  by  going  to  a professional  school,  where  progressive,  sys- 
tematic instruction  rapidly  developed  is  to  be  had.  To  deny  that 
young  men  may  be  systematically  trained  for  industry  and  com- 
merce is  to  assert  that  industry  and  commerce  are  merely  imita- 
tive arts  to  be  acquired  only  by  seeing  other  people  do  the  tricks 
and  then  practicing  them.  In  industry  and  commerce  all  things 
are  become  new;  and  new  methods  of  preparing  young  men  for 
these  occupations  must  be  invented  with  discriminating  foresight, 
established  with  prudence  and  maintained  with  liberality.” 

To  those  directly  interested  in  higher  education  the  second 
class  of  objections  seems  the  most  serious.  There  is  an  appre- 
hension that  higher  education  may  be  commercialized;  that  its 
pursuit  may  be  solely  for  a revenue  purpose  and  not  for  those 
keen  satisfactions  which  a liberal  culture  may  give  in  itself.  In 
a word,  that  scholarship  may  be  thrown  under  the  simmering 
flesh  pots;  that  the  college  idealism,  the  love  for  the  abiding 
eternal  things  may  be  sacrificed  for  a cheap  and  beguiling  ma- 
terialism. 

It  must  not  be  overlooked  that  already  in  most  of  the  larger 
colleges  and  universities  many  students  in  the  literary  courses 
are  pursuing  wmrk  of  a professional  character  before  completing 
a four  years’  course.  If  you  should  eliminate  the  professional 
motive  or  the  money-getting  or  making-a-living  motive,  how  many 
students  would  be  specializing  in  Greek,  Latin,  foreign  languages, 
chemistry,  pedagogy,  history,  etc.?  This  is  not  said  in  any  spirit 
of  disparagement.  But,  however  much  it  may  be  lamented  by 
some,  in  this  busy  country  of  ours,  with  its  small  leisure  class, 
practically  every  one  must  give  due  attention  to  the  material 


COMMERCIAL  COURSE 


23 


side  of  life— to  making  a living  and  providing  for  the  future.  At 
present,  the  prospective  teacher,  the  minister,  the  lawyer,  the 
physician  or  the  engineer  has  a chance  to  acquire  a part  of  his 
technical  training  at  the  same  time  that  he  is  getting  a liberal 
education.  Why  should  such  an  opportunity  be  denied  the  young 
man  intending  to  enter  business  life? 

We  have  said  before  that  the  purpose  of  education  was  to  de- 
velop power  and  culture.  By  the  development  of  power  we  mean 
ability  to  observe  quickly  and  accurately,  to  analyze  subtly  and 
to  generalize  impartially.  Perhaps  the  opponents  of  the  new  pro- 
posal will  admit  that  the  scientific  study  of  the  subjects  enumer- 
ated heretofore  will  expand  the  mental  powers  and  create  the 
judicial  temperament.  However,  it  is  insisted,  they  will  not  give 
the  finer  culture.  But  the  idealism  of  any  college  or  university 
does  not  depend  upon  any  particular  course.  College  ideals  come 
from  the  atmosphere  rather  than  from  any  particular  subject 
taught.  One  cogent  reason  for  co-ordinating  the  commercial 
courses  with  the  other  courses  of  a university  is  the  existence 
there  of  this  imperceptible  but  persistent  influence  of  the  college 
atmosphere  which  makes  for  culture. 

Again,  I maintain  that  the  academic  study  of  the  course  out- 
lined is  not  only  disciplinary,  but  also  liberalizing  in  its  tendency. 
The  unbiased  and  conscientious  study  of  any  of  the  perplexing 
problems  in  the  theory  or  the  applications  of  political  economy 
demands  a power  of  close  and  often  subtle  reasoning.  The  un- 
prejudiced study  of  the  labor  question,  the  trend  of  labor  legisla- 
tion and  the  methods  of  betterment  can  not  fail  to  inspire  a sense 
of  justice  and  an  obligation  of  service.  A study  of  the  economic 
aspects  of  the  liquor  problem  will  have  more  influence  in  forming 
a salutary  public  sentiment  in  favor  of  temperance  and  rational 
temperance  legislation  than  a dozen  exaggerated  harangues  or  a 
score  of  raids  upon  saloons.  The  scientific  investigation  of  pov- 
erty and  crime  will  broaden  the  sympathies  and  prepare  the  way 
for  practical  philanthropy  and  possibly  for  later  benefactions. 
My  contention  is  that  the  young  man  who  studies  the  deeper  so- 
ciological and  economic  questions  is  just  as  apt  to  have  the  es- 
sentials of  culture— especially  a respect  for  law,  a sense  of  pro- 
portion, independence,  a spirit  of  helpfulness  and  an  appreciation 
of  the  obligations  of  wealth— as  the  student  who  pursues  other 
courses. 


24  ^ * : iiQ]*^ftlrk5avERSiTY  bulletin 

Besides,  it  is  not  intended  to  exclude  from  this  course  the 
study  of^  langyageSf  literature,  history,  science  and  mathematics. 
There  will  still  be  opportunity  for  the  student  to  put  himself  en 
rappctrf'With  th^' great  characters  of  history  and  literature  and  to 
feel  the  impulses  which  come  from  contact  with  them. 

Furthermore,  it  goes  without  saying  that  any  commercial 
course  adopted  will  not  be  compulsory.  There  will  be  no  danger 
of  diverting  students  from  lines  of  study  for  which  they  have 
stronger  preferences.  The  long-accepted  courses  will  still  have  a 
proper  proportion  of  students.  The  college  will  continue  to  do  for 
these  classes  all  it  has  done  in  the  past,  and  will,  in  addition,  do 
something  for  a new  constituency  and  will  disseminate  culture 
more  widely,  tending  at  the  same  time  to  humanize  truly  the  old 
courses. 

The  new  element  attracted  by  such  a course  would  not  lower 
the  standard  of  the  student  body,  but,  as  Professor  Laughlin  has 
well  said,  it  “would  introduce  new  and  vitalizing  blood  into  the 
student  community,  much  to  the  advantage  of  all.”  “It  (the 
university)  will  bring  force  to  the  cultural  elements  and  culture  to 
the  forceful  elements.” 

It  may  be  stated  as  a general  proposition  that  the  more  inti- 
mately the  college  course  is  related  to  actual  life  the  greater  will 
be  the  interest  and  the  enthusiasm  of  the  undergraduate  in  his 
work.  The  commercial  course  is  designed  to  do  this  very  thing. 

That  a commercial  course  will  attract  to  college  those  who 
would  not  otherwise  attend  can  hardly  be  doubted.  That  ambi- 
tious and  capable  young  men  without  capital,  without  experience 
and  without  influential  patrons  will  ignore  this  opportunity  of 
equipping  themselves  and  demonstrating  their  worth,  I can  not 
believe.  Even  the  well-to-do  business  man  who  wishes  his  son  to 
carry  on  the  business  after  him  may  well  rejoice  at  the  chance 
of  giving  his  boy  a culture  and  broader  outlook  than  he  has  en- 
joyed, while  during  the  same  period  the  son  loses  no  time  in  ac- 
quiring a business  training.  The  college  in  thus  bringing  within 
its  charmed  circle  at  least  some  of  the  future  captains  of  industry 
would  not  only  raise  up  unto  herself  loyal  and  powerful  support- 
ers, but  would  also  diffuse  throughout  the  whole  body  a greater 
portion  of  her  lofty  idealism.  Can  the  university  reasonably 
throw  away,  without  trial,  this  chance  of  wider  usefulness  to  the 
community  ?—[ Extract  from  a paper  by  William  A.  Rawles,  in 
Indianapolis  Journal,  December  14,  1903. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


PRESIDENT’S  OFFICE. 


